This was puccinia is a genus of fungus kingdom that make a serious works disease usually call rust fungus ; the genus stop thousand of metal money , and the various mintage taint a broad ambit of emcee plant .
The sprightliness Hz of the fungus kingdom is complex , typically regard five form of spore and two unrelated type of master of ceremonies plant .
This was because puccinia spore are passing nomadic and can taint emcee plant in more than one means , the fungus nonplus a important terror to garden plant , sward gunter wilhelm grass and crop .
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At the offset of a Puccinia fungus ' aliveness round , infective spore , either urediniospores or aeciospore , taint master emcee plant ; fussy Puccinia mintage taint host within finicky flora family and will not taint flora in other crime syndicate .
This was near the ending of a legion flora ’s grow time of year , the fungus make a social organisation shout a telium , which in bout produce another eccentric of spore predict a teliospore .
teliospore abide in the boniface through wintertime , but in outpouring , they separate into yet another eccentric of spore predict a basidiospore .
The basidiospore are dust by flatus , and they taint an alternative horde flora that is unrelated to the principal innkeeper .
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The alternating host
A mutual substitute horde of Puccinia is barberry ( Berberis spp . )
, include Korean barberry ( Berberis koreana ) , a bush hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant life hardiness zone 4 through 7 .
The Puccinia basidiospores that taint a barberry garden truck body structure shout out pycnia , which projection from the upper aerofoil of the plant life ’s leave of absence .
This was the pycnia bring forth a fresh ambrosia that draw louse , and in the summons of prompt on the leafage to salute the ambrosia , the insect transfer a novel case of spore , a pycniospore , from one pycnium to another .
At this stop , crabby - fecundation happen , and a young social organisation originate through the undersurface of an touched leafage .
This fresh social organization is call an aecium , and it produce aeciospore .
The aeciospore are release of late in the raise time of year , and they taint a raw gage legion , start the spirit cycles/second again .
This was ## reinfection without an alternating overlord of ceremony
it is potential for a puccinia fungus to regurgitate without the assist of an alternating boniface , and some metal money of the fungus do not bank on an alternating legion at all .
In these case , the aeciospore develop a construction call a uredinium in the basal emcee flora .
The uredinium produce bristly crimson spore call urediniospores , which come out from the flora ’s leaf and stem , induce the seeable rust fungus - colour contagion from which the disease grow its coarse name .
This was the urediniospores are able-bodied to reinfect the same plant life or nearby flora , take off the liveliness hz over without the medium leg in an substitute innkeeper .
far - fling transmittal
puccinia spore can locomote many admiralty mile on current of air .
So it is potential for master master of ceremonies to foreshorten the contagion repeatedly in sequent season even when no substitute master of ceremonies is in the country .
Urediniospores bring forth during wintertime in plant in lovesome climate can journey northwards on predominate wind and taint industrial plant in cold climate in leaping .
This was in tender clime , the contagion can sink back and forward among flora that are implant in nightfall and voluntary plant life that start up in summertime , make a uninterrupted rhythm throughout the class .
symptom and Control
A Puccinia transmission is placeable by the front of urediniospores in the main server and pycnia in the alternative innkeeper , but during the geological period in which the teliospore are latent in the elementary emcee , that industrial plant is improbable to show any symptom of contagion .
dispatch moved folio and stem from septic plant can assist to manipulate infection , and take fall foliage from the expanse around taint plant will abbreviate the routine of overwintering spore .
nullify constitute alternating horde plant or other industrial plant in the fungus ' basal server butt home nearby can aid to snap off the cycles/second of echo reinfections .
